If you’ve been keeping up with my writing about xAI in Memphis, you’ll know that the company is relying on natural gas turbines to generate power to keep Grok up and running. Those turbines have been at the center of national coverage, and the issue isn’t going away, with xAI and its partners set to use turbines to power the company’s new data center, set to come online at any point.
There have been legal and ethical debates over these turbines and the pollution they cause. That’s where Andrew R. Chow at TIME comes in, with a new report:
Researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, at the request of TIME, ran an analysis on the air quality in South Memphis over the last couple of years, based on public satellite data from NASA and the European Space Agency. They found that average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide have increased by 3% when comparing the periods before June 2024 and afterward. They also found that peak nitrogen dioxide concentration levels have increased by 79% from pre-xAI levels in areas immediately surrounding the data center, and by 9% in nearby Boxtown.
Because high concentrations of air pollutants pose greater health risks than lower concentrations, the researchers said, focusing on these spikes—rather than just averages—offers more meaningful insight into potential health impacts. It’s the first major effort to quantify the turbines’ environmental impact using publicly available data.
The story goes on to quote a friend of mine:
Austin Dalgo, an academic primary care physician in South Memphis, calls the jump in peak nitrogen dioxide concentration levels “alarming,” and believes that they “significantly increase the risk to residents’ health.” The EPA writes that a high concentration of NO2 can aggravate respiratory diseases, particularly asthma.
“The xAI turbines are leading to a public health crisis in Memphis by releasing nitrogen oxides—pollutants known to directly harm the lungs,” Dalgo tells TIME. “These emissions pose the greatest risk to our city’s most vulnerable residents, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma and COPD.”
xAI’s reliance on gas turbines seems to have shrunk at its first data center, but the second, larger site is poised to require even more of the equipment.
Chow’s entire article is worth your time.